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Iron is the most commonly used metal – steel, of which iron ore is the main ingredient, representing almost 95% of all metal used per year.
Hematite are usually of sedimentary origin, and it is widely distributed in sedimentary rocks as a cement. High grade ore bodies can be found in metamorphic rocks as a result of contact metasomatism. Hematite is also as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks.
The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, deep purple, to rusty red. The iron itself is usually found in the form of magnetite (Fe3O4),hematite (Fe2O3), Geothite (FeO(OH)), Limonite(FeO(OH).n(H2O)) or siderite (FeCO3). Certain hematite ores containing up to 66% iron could be fed directly into iron-making blast furnaces. Iron ore is the raw material used to make Pig iron, which is one of the main raw materials to make Steel
High-grade ore generally has a cut off grade of ~>60% Fe. Historically it has provided a direct feed to smelters either as a raw lump or fines, also in a processed form such as sinter or pellets.
Iron ore of Hematite category is generally considered as high-grade ore.
Low-grade ore is a term applied to iron-rich rocks with cut-off grades in the range of 25-30% Fe. It was the main supply of iron ore for many centuries of the World’s early history of the production of iron.
